'Major setback' for the English camp as Atkinson leaves the field due to a hamstring issue.
The pace bowler increased the fitness woes of the England squad after leaving the playing area during Saturday's play of the fourth Ashes Test in the Ashes series.
The pace bowler experienced discomfort in his hamstring immediately following a delivery in his spell at the MCG.
The touring camp reported Atkinson felt some "soreness" and was to take time on the sidelines in order to be assessed "over the next few hours".
The concluding match in this Ashes battle in Sydney gets underway on Sunday, 4 January.
The visitors have already lost fast bowlers Mark Wood with a knee problem and Jofra Archer to a side strain on this Ashes tour.
Matthew Fisher was added to the party as cover for Wood.
The seamer had a tough time during the first two matches, claiming a mere a handful of scalps.
He was dropped from the previous Test, then recalled for the Melbourne Test as Archer's replacement.
Surrey's Atkinson performed better in the fourth Test, taking two wickets during the host's first knock, and scoring 28 runs with the bat as one of just three English batsmen to reach double figures.
Post a single over late on the first day, he returned on Saturday morning and had nightwatchman edging to the keeper.
Yet, at the end of his spell, he delivered a change of pace to Travis Head and immediately felt for his hamstring.
Atkinson was recalled for the fourth Ashes Test having missed of the third.
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